Correlation of the Behavior of Female Waitresses at Sports Bars and the

When we go out to eat or drink at a sports bar, we usually find that a majority of the servers and bartenders are females. Why is this, one might ask. The most obvious reason is that they draw in more male customers to drink beer and eat food. If a male patron were to walk into a sports bar, he would stay longer and spend more money because he would tend to be checking out a server that he considered attractive. Servers usually know this so they tend to expose themselves more and dress accordingly to attract more guys and hopefully to receive larger tips. One bartender interviewed for this project, who works at Buffalo Wild Wings, would climb on ladders behind the bar, to draw attention to herself. She hoped that her actions would result in the customers giving her a larger tip than they would otherswise. Based upon the tips received, this strategy worked. Seeing this interested the writer to look into the topic of how servers use their physical appearance for a better tip . With further research, this was proved true for almost every restaurant investigated. Waitresses go above and beyond from simply applying makeup to changing their hair color, and changing the way they would serve an average customer to fit their needs. The customers also play a role in the tip given, which can usually be determined by the gender, race, age, and connections to the waitress. If customers would tip based on the service provided, then the female waitresses wouldn’t have to flirt or make the guest feel like that need to tip better. Background Review of Literature Many of the sources address the way the waitresses change their physical appearances and the outcomes. However, some also discuss the emotional side of the server or the pr... ... Works Cited Gatta, M. (2009). Restaurants servers, tipping, and resistance. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 6(1-2), 70-82. Guà ©guen, N. (2012). Hair color and wages: Waitresses with blond hair have more fun. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 41(4), 370-372. Guà ©guen, N. (2009). Menstrual cycle phases and female receptivity to a courtship solicitation: An evaluation in a nightclub. Evolution and human behavior, 30(5), 351-355. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.004 Jacob, C., Guà ©guen, N., Boulbry, G., & Ardiccioni, R. (2009). Waitresses' facial cosmetics and tipping: A field experiment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 188-190. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.04.003 McCall, M., & Lynn, A. (2009). Restaurant servers' perceptions of customer tipping intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 188-190.

Critical Reflection and Leadership in Identity Making Essay

â€Å"Vision is the key to understanding leadership† (Haslam, Reicher, & Platow, 2011). I have spent many years trying to avoid positions of authority and leadership roles, bedside nursing was a perfect escape. This paper will show that we are all born leaders and to get to those hidden leadership abilities is to engage in self-awareness, self-reflection, and achieve a higher education to learn how to apply them (Lowney, 2003). Critical Reflection and Leadership in Identity Making â€Å"Vision is the key to understanding leadership† (Haslam, Reicher, & Platow, 2011). I have spent many years trying to avoid positions of authority and leadership roles, bedside nursing was a perfect escape. Over the years, I have worked virtually every aspect of nursing, except management. I found conversations to be one sided, often leaving the staff feeling they were guilty until proven innocent. I have had some remarkable â€Å"Nurse Managers but, most were ineffective, selfish, and unappealing. This did nothing to inspire me to become a leader. Becoming the Intensive Care Units’ â€Å"Unit Based Educator† made me realize that the only way to achieve my vision to make a difference, was through education geared toward leadership. According to Lowney (2003), the insight into being a leader is through self-reflection. (Valli, 1999) interjects this theory into five types of reflection, further guiding us into a deeper self-awareness. The reading that had the most impact on me this week would have to be critical reflection. To me, critical reflection is interchangeable with critical thinking. I am bombarded with information that requiring on the spot decisions. Through the use of Critical thinking, I make decisions from past experiences, information at hand, and the impact my decisions will have now and the future. On the other hand, critical reflection, is more of a process that allows us to question past experiences, then consider, reassess and analyze those experiences prior to applying them to the current situation. The information provided in this week’s study has already impacted my leadership style. I have applied critical reflection to make more informed decisions, and being better informed, I am less reactionary. Being reflective has allowed me to be more insightful on how destructive, self- deception has been in my personally, socially, and in my work. I no longer say â€Å"I cannot†, instead; I review the situation, reflect on alternatives, and then make a decision. I agree with Lowney (2003) we are all born leaders and to get to those hidden leadership abilities is to engage in self-awareness, self-reflection, and achieve a higher education to learn how to apply them. I thought that I had escaped the claws of leadership by becoming an educator, another self-deceptive thought. This course has taught me that the Educator has the most influential leadership position. Being an Educator is my motivation to learning how to be that sound, moral leader I want to be.

A Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen - 1556 Words

A Doll’s House written by Henrik Ibsen is a play which invokes different feelings on the reader. The play was written in 1879, a time in which women had a submissive role to her husband. The idea of a woman speaking out or even contradicting her husband was unheard of, and Ibsen did a magnificent job of not only portraying the message, but also empowering women to stand up for themselves. The plot of the story centers around a husband named Torvald, and his wife named Nora. As the story progresses, Nora reveals to her friend that she made a decision without her husband’s knowledge and now is making all efforts to make it right. Given the time in which the paly was written and the roles both genders had, A Doll’s House is perceived as a controversial and though provoking play by the use of dialogue, setting, theme, and characters. The tittle A Doll’s House is controversial in itself, it portrays the empowerment of men over women, and also degrades the roles of women. The tittle suggests that women are mere objects subjected to their husband’s desires, in which the husband holds proprietary rights over his wife. The tittle not only defames the role of women, but also portrays men in an egoistic and selfish manner. The ideology that women have to be submissive to their husband dates as far back as the beginning of times. However, the roles of women has been progressing in parts of the world, and women are now seen as contributing members of society. Carreon 2 The dialogueShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† was set in the Victorian era, a time where women were highly respected. Women in this time period did not work, they had nannies to take care of their children and maids to take care of their homes. Many women had no real responsibilities, they spent their time having tea parties and socializing with their friends. Henrik Ibsen dared to show the realism of the Victorian era while everyone else would only focus on the romantic aspect. In the play, â€Å"A Doll House†Read MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines conventional roles of men and women in the nineteenth century. In the play, Nora exemplifies the conventional feminine standard during that period. She seems to be powerless and confines herself through high standard expectations, demonstrating what the role of a women would be as a wife and mother. The protagonist of A Doll’s House is a woman named Nora Helmer. Ibsen shows how Nora’s design of perfect life gradually transforms when her sec ret unravels. InRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen876 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signed

Pride And Prejudice And Mansfield Park Essay - 1592 Words

Marriage is often thought of as a union between two people; a promise that is supposed to last a life time. In today’s world, reality reigns. Marriage is often broken, or held together due to legality. A promise does not mean the same as it did in yester year. Despite this ugly truth, young men and women still dream of the time when they will say â€Å"I do† before their family and friends. However, often times we as young people get mired in the process of finding a mate, rather than enjoying the company of others. Whether it is for political or religious reasons, relationships have the potential to get mucked up. Luckily for today’s generation, one person has witnessed this, and wrote about this process in her novels. This woman’s name is†¦show more content†¦Elizabeth continually allows for mishaps to happen, even rejecting the incredibly wealthy and handsome Mr. Darcy. This seems to be Elizabeth’s way of showing that she, as a woman, ha s a form of power that men cannot take away; the power of saying no. Austen reveals this in chapter 34 when Darcy declares his love for Elizabeth. How he does it, though, is peculiar. He proclaims his love boisterously, yet in private with Elizabeth. Darcy tactfully reveals his feelings for her, hoping that she will be moved and not falter now that they are alone. â€Å"In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you.† (Austen ch. 34) Here, Darcy vocally forces himself on her, believing that his passion will invoke a flare within Elizabeth to say yes. Much to Darcy’s disappointment, Elizabeth rejects him, only to accept him later. I view her actions as being suitable for her circumstance. She rejects his offer, because she does not passionately have feelings for him. She, later, accepts Darcy when she does in fact have feelings for him. This is an empowering story for the wome n of Austen’s time. Many readers would ask why Austen would do this. I believe that Austen I empowering young women to stand for what they want and what they believe. When this novel was written, women’s rights were abysmal; often leading to men takingShow MoreRelatedMansfield Park; Empire Orientalism from Edward Said Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesSummarise Edward Said’s argument in his essay ‘Jane Austen and Empire’ and then show whether you support or refute it. Edward Said’s analysis of Jane Austen’s narrative in her 3rd novel ‘Mansfield Park’ (1814) is based on his own studies of ‘orientalism’. This term is defined by Said as a variety of false assumptions /depictions of Eastern people within Western attitudes. This is achieved, he argues, through the literary discourse provided by post-enlightenment, post-colonial American/EuropeanRead MoreJane Austens Influence in the Romantic Period958 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst draft of three of her novels. In 1809, Jane initiated to take her writing career seriously, and in a span of four years, she published four different novels that became profoundly successful: â€Å"Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814), and Emma (1815)† (Smith). â€Å"After publishing Emma, Jane started to develop symptoms of what may have been Addisons disease, and in July 18, 1817, Jane died† (Klackle). To show the honor that they had to their sister, CassandraRead MoreMr Benett and the Failures of Fatherhood8365 Words   |  34 Pagesattributing no theoretical to her work; she admitted preten having significance sions at all, claiming only accuracy and proportion and wit for her vir tues.1 once Despite again the her well-known of demurrers, subject in Jane I want Austens in this essay to raise canvass problem novels?to to social from a sociological point of view the nature of her response and economic in English society. My reason for sifting over the changes in the evidence is that I think an adjustment already finely groundRead MoreSocial Class in Jane Austen997 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout this essay , I will be looking at the theme of social class in Jane Austen’s work  ; critically analysed by Juliet McMaster, a chapter taken from ‘The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen’, edited by Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster. Jane Austens novels at first glance tell a story of romance, set within the landowning society amidst country estates, and their cultivation of tea parties, social outings, and extravagant balls; ladies frolicking in flowing gowns through decorated roomsRead MoreThe Rise of the Novels in the Eighteenth Century4179 Words   |  17 Pageslittle of good poetry or drama to boast of, he was probably paying it due homage for its gift of the novel. The eighte enth century was the age in which the novel was established as the most outstanding and enduring form of literature. The periodical essay, which was another gift of this century to English literature, was born and died in the century, but the novel was to enjoy an enduring career. It is to the credit of the major eighteenth-century novelists that they freed the novel from the influenceRead MoreLizzy or Emma - A Critique of Jane Austens Heroines Essay2237 Words   |  9 PagesPrice in Mansfield Park (1814) is the meek and gentle protagonist. Her contrast is smart and witty Elizabeth Bennet. In this paper I focus on two of Austen’s female protagonists - Elizabeth Bennet and Emma Woodhouse. I believe that Lizzy and Emma are most famous female characters that Austen ever created. Several of her male readers have oscillated in their affections for Lizzy and Emma, two very proficient heroines who have displayed strength of mind and character. Pride and Prejudice was the

The Myth Of Witch Has Undergone A Strange Transformation

Over the centuries, the image and the meaning of a witch have undergone a strange transformation. Most people affiliate the word with that of a woman that practices some form of magic; often depicted as evil conjurers who laid curses on others. However, they have been a popular myth throughout the history of humanity. It is safe to assume that people created witches in order to explain some phenomena that existed in ancient times. With modern times, the concept of a witch is nothing more than a fictitious belief because science has discredited the existence of real witches; or perhaps real witches have evolved into something else. When the word witch comes to mind, most people would describe an old lady wearing dark clothes. The word†¦show more content†¦Especially in other regions of world. Witches have changed majorly between different cultures: Pagan witches, Puritan Witches, or even modern witches. The concept of witchcraft is complex and often varies depending on culture and societies. In European belief, witchcraft is associated with the pagan culture which predominated in most of the continent before Christianity expanded in Europe. Witchcraft was often associated with religious and medicinal roles. Bengt Ankarloo did an extensive research in the history of witchcraft, and in his book Witchcraft and Magic in Europe, he Ankarloo mentions that â€Å"The church sought to destroy paganism by ingestion [which] advanced the development of witchcraft, convincing those who remained attached to the old gods that they were really revering demons† (46). Bengt already gives us a good insight into how the infamous witches should really credit the church since they were initially trying to put a bad image on all pagan theology so that they could gain followers by establishing that demons were evil and people were worshiping Satan. Witches, before their antagonized image of the chu rch, belonged to cults that worshipped Dionysius, the ancient pagan god of wine and fertility. Women in these cults would often conduct and exhibit rites with â€Å"frenzied dancing and song, obscenity, and consumption of raw meat† (47) and there was a particular group known as the cult of Diana. The cult of Diana was unusual, whereas it was

Goodness of Fit and Independence Testing †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Goodness of Fit and Independence Testing. Answer: Introduction: The analysis focuses on relation between income levels and confidence levels. It is generally being believed that people who are more confident about local police can work more efficiently and therefore, they earn more. The fact will be tested with Chi square test procedure. Data has been collected on relevant variables and categorized according to requirement. Data management with the sub divisions are depicted through Pie chart. The dataset is about relation between confidence levels on local police and peoples income levels. Confidence levels are divided into 4 divisions. The divisions are: no confidence at all, not very much confident, quite a lot of confidence, a great deal of confidence. Income levels are divided into 6 broad groups. The groups are like: less than $30k, $30k to less than $60k, $60k to less than $90k, $90k to less than $120k, $120k to less than dollar $150k, $150 k or more and dont know the income or refused to state income. Data are arranged in a contingency table or cross table and frequency for each cross group is noted. Frequency table and Pie chart: There are two variables named confidence levels and income levels and the pie charts are being constructed one for each variable. Table 2: Frequency table for confidence levels. C1-How much confidence do you have in the local police in your area? Frequency No confidence at all 68 Not very much confidence 398 Quite a lot of confidence 1244 A great deal of confidence 656 It shows the percentage of confidence levels of police department. The levels are being divided into four sub-groups. Four groups are no confidence at all, not very much confidence, Quite a lot of confidence and a great deal of confidence (Lipsitz et al. 2015). Frequency of people with low confidence is the minimum and frequency of people with great confidence is maximum. People with not very much confidence and Quite a lot of confidence have medium frequency. Table 2: Frequency table for Distribution of income: INCOME Frequency Less than $30k 337 $30k to less than $60k 516 $60k to less than $90k 427 $90k to less than $120k 277 $120k to less than $150k 119 $150k or more 146 Don't know/Refuse 544 Income levels are depicted in this pie chart. Levels are being divided into 7 groups like less than $30k, $30k to less than $60k, $60k to less than $90k, $90k to less than $120k, $120$ to less than $150k, and division who refused to show their income (Farg and Khalil 2015). The charts shows that people with income in $120k to less than $150k are least in number. Highest frequency lies in the group of $60k to less than $90k. Rest of the income group has frequency in the middle of them. Chi-Square Test: A chi-square test has been carried to check whether income levels and confidence levels are dependent (Sharpe 2015). Requires hypothesis is: H0: income level and confidence levels are independent vs. H1: Income level and confidence intervals are dependent management. Required test statistic: - Chi-stat: {displaystyle chi ^{2}} , where O is observed frequency and E is expected frequency (Gaboardi et al. 2016). Calculation results: Table 3: Calculated values for Chi square test. Calculations Value a 0.05 df 18 c2 20.88 p-value 0.29 c2-crit value 28.87 Sig No The test is being made at 5% level of significance. It can be seen that p-value 0.05 and also, tabulated chi-square calculated chi-square. Therefore, the null hypothesis will be rejected and it can be said that income levels and confidence levels are independent. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the test that income levels and confidence levels are independent. Data are being collected here on different income levels and tallied. Confidence levels are also being marked in four categories. With a chi square test, it has been seen that the two levels are not at all related. References: Farg, M.H.M. and Khalil, F.M.H., 2015. Statistical Analysis of Academic Level of Student in Quantitative Methods Courses by Using Chi-Square Test and Markov Chains-Case Study of Faculty of Sciences and Humanities (Thadiq)-Shaqra University-KSA.Transition,20(2), p.1. Gaboardi, M., Lim, H.W., Rogers, R.M. and Vadhan, S.P., 2016. Differentially private chi-squared hypothesis testing: Goodness of fit and independence testing. InICML'16 Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on International Conference on Machine Learning-Volume 48. JMLR. Lipsitz, S.R., Fitzmaurice, G.M., Sinha, D., Hevelone, N., Giovannucci, E. and Hu, J.C., 2015. Testing for independence in J K contingency tables with complex sample survey data.Biometrics,71(3), pp.832-840. Sharpe, D., 2015. Your chi-square test is statistically significant: Now what?.Practical Assessment, Research Evaluation,20.

U.S. Government Essays - Westminster System, House Of Commons

U.S. Government U.S. Government Research Paper One of the first countries Manamary Inc. plans to export to is England. England is the largest of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain. This is often why England itself is shortened to Great Britain or the United Kingdom. England is located the southern and eastern part of the island of Great Britain in the British Isles. England is a large part of the United Kingdom, which is a constitutional monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II who is the head of the state actually does not rule the nation. Ministers who make up cabinet of government officials are the actual rulers. The main ruling office is held by the prime minister. Parliament is the chief lawmaking body. The Parliament includes the House of Commons and the House of Lords. By far the most powerful house is the House of Commons, whose members are elected from the four countries that make the United Kingdom, of which England elects 523 of the 650 members. In the House of Lords, which has very limited power, most of the members inherit their seats. For local government purposes, the country of England is divided into various administrative units, 39 nonmetropolitan counties and 7 metropolitan areas. These units are further divided into districts, with the exception of the metropolitan area of Greater London which is divided into boroughs. Government